== crushing ==
Fracking refers to the construction process in which the high pressure forces the formation to form the crack. Usually refers to hydraulic fracturing, hydraulic fracturing refers to the application of hydraulic pressure transfer principle, from the ground to pump into the high pressure working liquid carrying the proppant, so that the formation formation and maintain cracks, is widely used at home and abroad to increase production, injection measures. Because the high conductivity crack filled by the proppant is equivalent to expanding the radius of the well bore, increasing the discharge area, greatly reducing the permeability resistance, it can greatly improve the output of oil and gas-well, improve the oil production speed, shorten the production cycle, and reduce the oil production cost.
Fracking equipment and pipe posts
land-based facilities
1. Cracking wellhead
Fracking wellhead can be generally divided into two categories:
Cracking wellhead of ①...
② adopts special fracturing wellhead with large bend pipe, bowler, wellhead ball valve and wellhead controller.
2. Cracking pipe sink
At present, there are many kinds of fracturing pipe sinks, and the pressure and maximum sand capacity are different. Commonly used fracturing pipe sink truck and special ground pipe sink. The special ground pipe fold has 8 connections, fracturing car can choose one connection. External diameter of high pressure pipeline is 76mm, inner diameter is 60mm, and maximum pressure is 100MPa.
3. Ball pitcher
There are two types of pitching devices, one is the front wellhead device used for layered fracturing pipe column cast steel ball, the other is the pressure selection or multiple crack fracturing plugging gunhole ball launcher. The United States imported bowling gear, the maximum working pressure of 100MPa, 22mm blocked balls at a time, electric rotation ball 12 laps per minute, 4 balls per lap.
Cracking car group
Fracking equipment mainly includes fracturing truck, sand mixing truck, instrument vehicle, pipe transfer truck, etc.
1. Cracking pump truck
Fracking vehicle is the main power equipment for fracturing, its function is to produce high pressure, large displacement of the fracturing fluid into the formation, press open the formation, and inject the proppant into the crack. It is the key equipment in fracturing construction, which mainly consists of carrying vehicle, drive pump power, transmission device, fracturing pump and other four parts.
2. Mixed sand truck
The role of the mixed sand truck is to mix the proppant, fracturing fluid and various additives in a certain proportion, and supply the mixed-carrying sand fluid to the fracturing truck and press it into the well. At present, the sand car has double cylinder mechanical sand car, air suction sand car and imitation beauty new sand car. Sand mixing truck is mainly composed of three systems: liquid supply, sand conveying and transmission.
3. Other equipment
In addition to the main equipment of fracturing truck and sand mixing truck, there are instrument truck, liquid tank truck, sand truck and so on. Instrument vehicle is used for construction, to record the various parameters of the fracturing process, the control of other fracturing equipment central system, also known as the fracturing command vehicle.
frac string
Fracking pipe column is mainly composed of fracturing oil pipe, packer, sandblasting device, hydraulic anchor, etc. At present, downhole pipe column can be divided into general fracturing column and layered fracturing column.
1. Cracking oil pipe
Special oil tubing shall be used for fracturing. The compressive strength shall meet the design requirements. Shallow and low pressure can use J55 steel grade, inner diameter 62mm (outer diameter 73mm); medium and deep wells use 62mm or 76mm outer oil pipe with inner diameter N80 or P105, with a maximum pressure limit of 70Mpa and 90Mpa respectively.
2. Condenser
At present, there are many types of packers used for fracturing, and the expansion or compressed 50℃ low-temperature hose packer is used in shallow Wells. Deep wells use expanded, compressed or mechanical 90℃. The CS-1 separator, with a working pressure of 105Mpa, and a working temperature of up to 177℃.
3. Sitter
The main function of the sandjet is throttling, causing the pressure difference between the fracturing pipe column to ensure the packer seal; the second is the channel mouth leading to the stratum to enter the fracturing fluid, and the third is to avoid the inner wall of the casing.
4. Cracking pipe column
Fracking columns are generally divided into general fracturing columns and layered fracturing columns.
1) General fracturing tube column
General fracturing pipe column structure is: oil pipe + hydraulic anchor + separator + nozzle. Hydraulic anchor: hold the pressure in the oil pipe under the pressure, under the action of pressure, hold the anchor claw open to the outside on the casing wall, anchor the oil pipe, to prevent the axial displacement of the downhole tools. When the tubing pressure is balanced, the anchor claw is withdrawn under the spring elastic force to remove the anchor action.
2) Layered fracturing tube column
The layered fracturing tube column includes:
① double sealing card single layer: 73mm or 88.9mm external thickening oil pipe + hydraulic anchor + packer + blaster + packer + silk plugging. After fracturing, other same segments can be cracked with the above method.
② three seal card double layer: 73mm or 88.9mm oil pipe + hydraulic anchor + packer + sandblasting (with set) + packer + sandblasting (no set) + packer + blocking. Frack the second floor of the column.
③ four sealing card three layers: 73mm or 88.9mm oil pipe + sandblower + sandblower (a set) + packer + sandblower (B set) + packer + sandblower (C no set) + packer + blocking. The tube column can crack three layers.
Consider the oil pipe length changes caused by temperature effect, piston effect, expansion effect and bending effect.
Xi'an Qinsen Technology Co., Ltd
Address: Room 803, Dongxing Science and Technology Building, Xincheng Science and Technology Industrial Park, Xincheng District, Xi'an City
Plant address: Plant No.6, East District, Aviation Industry Incubator, Yanliang District, Xi'an City
Tel: 029-82236210 19991216885
Email address: xaqs@xaqs.com
Website: www.xaqs.com
