Five commonly used wellhead tools：Rings, elevators, slips and safety clamps, manual tongs, roller square inserts

1 rings

Structure and Principle
The lifting ring is a special wellhead tool for lifting and lowering the pipe string hanging elevator during drilling and workover operations. It requires strong bearing capacity, impact resistance, light weight, safety and reliability. The upper ears of the lifting ring are hung on the auxiliary hooks on both sides of the big hook, and the lower part is hung on the lifting ears of the elevator. The connection part between the lifting ring, the elevator and the hook is in accordance with the SY5288=2000 regulations.
There are two types of lifting rings: single-arm and double-arm: double-arm lifting rings are often used in shallow wells, and the bearing capacity is not more than 1350kN. The commonly used lifting rings for drilling and mining equipment are DH1350 and SH1350.
The single-arm lifting ring is forged as a whole, and the material is made of ultra-high-strength steel, and the double-arm lifting ring is forged and welded by high-quality alloy steel. Both rings are carefully heat-treated and surface-treated for a high level of strength and toughness.

2 Elevator

Elevator is a wellhead tool used to directly suspend pipe strings during drilling and repair operations.
According to the hanging pipe string, it is divided into: drill pipe elevator, casing elevator and tubing elevator;
According to the structure of the elevator, there are side-opening double-safety type, half-opening double-safety type and locking ring type, and the locking ring type is used less.

3 Slips
The slip is a tool used to hold and suspend the drill string in the well during the drilling process. The slip is mainly composed of the slip body, the slip teeth, the handle and the connecting piece. watt.
Classification of slip
According to the function, it is divided into: Drill Pipe Slips, Drill Collar Slips and Casing Slips.
According to the structure, it is divided into: three-piece, four-piece slips and long and short slips.
According to the operation mode, it is divided into: power slip and manual slip.

Safety Clamps
Safety clamps are used in conjunction with slips when tripping drill collars, coring barrels and large-diameter pipes to prevent drilling tools from slipping into the well. A number of slip bodies are connected into one body through pin holes and pins, and the two ends are connected with the lead screw through chain pins to form an adjustable slip. Changing the number of teeth plate sleeves of the safety slip can adapt to different sizes of drill collars and pipe strings.
For drill collars without shoulders, use safety slips.
The safety slip is at least composed of a tooth plate sleeve, a slip tooth, a spring, an adjusting screw, a nut, a handle and a connecting rod.
When the safety slip is in use, after tightening the nut, tap each pin with a hammer, so that each slip tooth fully contacts the drill collar in the circumferential direction, so as to play a safety protection role.
The safety clamp is 5cm away from the slip.

4 Manual tongs

Purpose
Hanging tongs are divided into outer tongs and inner tongs, which cooperate with each other during work, and are mainly used for threading and tightening of drilling tools during tripping and running of casings.
Type
According to the size of the drilling tool, it is divided into: B-type lifting tongs and casing lifting tongs;
According to the operation mode: manual tongs and hydraulic tongs.
At present, B-type lifting tongs and hydraulic tongs are widely used in the domestic field. The size of the B-type hanging pliers is φ88.9～φ298.4mm, and pipes of different sizes can be loaded and unloaded by changing the pliers.
Classification of tongs
The tong is the main tool for connecting the drill string. At present, the manual tongs used in our wellhead mainly include DB tongs, SDD tongs, B-type tongs and C-type tongs.
DB Pliers: Main working size 3-½” to 8-¼”, enlarged head up to 17”
Torque Range: 3-½” to 8-¼”: 65000ft-lb, 8” to 17”: 40000ft-lb
SDD Pliers: Main working size 4" to 8-½", enlarged head up to 17"
Type B pliers: Primarily used for making and breaking bushings, sizes range from 3-½” to 13-3/8”, with extended jaws up to 25-½”
C-type tongs: This is a portable tong, sizes range from 2- 3/8" to 10-¾", maximum torque: 35000ft-lb

5 Turning pliers
The turnbuckle pliers are the equipment for automatically making and breaking the drill pipe. Mainly divided into two types: pneumatic twist pliers and hydraulic twist pliers.
Pneumatic twist pliers
lSSW-40 pneumatic twist pliers main parameters:
Size Range: 3-½” to 9 ½” (89-241 mm)l
Rotation speed (5” drill pipe): 120 RPMl
Torque (5” Pipe): 1100 ftlbs (1490 Nm)
Air Pressure: 90-120 psi (6,2-8,6 Bar)

hydraulic tongs
Q10Y-M hydraulic tongs are mainly composed of stroke gearbox, reduction device, tong head, pneumatic control system and hydraulic system.